Calorimeter



May 18 f 1926.

1,584,818 H. F. sMrrH CALOR IMETER Filed August 11, 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 H. F. SMITH CALORIMETER Filed August 11, 1922 As sheets-sheet 2 JUL/@2222?? J M i? im l May 18 1.926.

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May 18 i926;

Filed August 11. 1922 H. F. SMITH CALOR IMETER 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 0 f iwf AMHA May 11s, 1926. 1,584,818l

H. F. SMITH y CALORIMETER Filed August 11, 1922 5 Sheets-5heet 4 May 18, 1928. y 1,584,818

H. F. SMITH CALORIMETER Filed Au 11. 1822V 5 sheets-811838 5 Urrea sin HARRY F. SMITH,

OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE GAS RESEARCH COMPANY,

OF DAYTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

CALORIMETER.

Application filed August 11, 1922. Serial No. 581,175.

This inventionrelates to calorimeters, and more particularly to calorimeters adapted for indicating or recording the heat value of combustible gases.

@ne of the principal objects of the invention is to provide an improved form of calorimeter, of this character, which is simple and cheap in construction, easy of maintenance, accurate in its operation, and constructed to indicate or reco-rd directly the heat value of gases, automatically corrected to standard conditions.

@ther objects and advantages will be apparent from the description thereof set out below when taken in connection with the accompanying drawin 0'.

ln` the drawing in which lilre characters of reference designate like parts throughout the several views thereof;

Fig. l is a View in elevation, with certain parts shown in section to more clearly disclose the construction of those parts, of a form of apparatus adapted for continuously recording the heat value of a gaseous fuel;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the calorimeter proper with certain parts thereof shown in section to more clearly show the construction and operation thereof;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the calorimeter proper along the line 3 3 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. -l is a lsectional view through the calorimeter proper along the line 4 4 of Fig. 2; looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view, along the line 5 5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a sectional View of part of the mechanism of the calorimeter proper7 along the line 6 6 of Fig. l;

l Fig. 7 is a sectional and plan view of a modified form of calorimeter proper; and

Fig. 3 is a sectional and elevation view of this same modified form.

In the patent to Harry F. Smith No. l;l34,768 dated April 6. 1915 is shown a method of determining the heat value of a combustible gas; and apparatus for carrying that method into effect. rEhe apparatus forming the subject matter of this invention is also intended to carry into effect the method set out in this referred to patent.

rl`hat method consist, broadly; in introducing the combustible gas and atmospheric air, or its equivalent, in predetermined proportions, into the combustion chamber of the calorimeter proper7 burning those gases in such wise that the resulting heat of combustion affects a temperature responsive device to indicate directly the heat value of the combustible gas, the instrument being so calibrated that the number of heat units con-y tained in a given quantity of the combustible gas is directly indicated or recorded.

The heat indicating apparatus constructed in accordance with this inventiomas shown most clearly in Fig. yl, consists of a calorimeter proper designated by the numeral 20, and what; for purposes of convenience in description; is designated as a sampling pumpf which sampling pump actually comprises a gas pump designated genen ally by the numeral 2l and an air pump designated generally by the numeral Q2, these two pumps being so arranged and operated that the gas and air are delivered by them in definite predetermined proportioned quantities, the two pumps preferably having a common drive shaft.

Any standard type of pumping apparatus can be used for delivering the air and gas to the combustion chamber, and this is especially true of the pump 22, for delivering the air. With a low heat value gas, such as producer gas, having a heat value which ranges, ordinarily, up to 200 B. t. u. per cubic foot,

the air and gas are preferably supplied to the y combustion chamber in the proportions of substantially thirty to one. Because of the proportionately large quantity of air to gas, in such cases, slight variations in the actual quantity of air supplied are not of material importance since a considerable variation would be needed in ord r to produce an appreciable error in the indications or recording of the calorimeter proper. Therefore this pump 22 may be either a good `piston pump or a good fear pump. As disclosed in the drawing, this pump is preferably a conventional rotary or gear pump, of the so called Roots blower type, the details of construction of the pump therefore not being shown. 1llhe pump is driven from a shaft 30, which in turn is driven by the motor 31 through a suitable gear reduction illustrated diagrammatically at. But because of the relatively small quantity of gas, it is obvious that even slight variations in the quantity of gas introduced vi'ill result in comparatively substantial variations in the total quantity of heat generated Within the combustion chamber, and Will therefore result in substantial errors in the indicating or recording of the calorimeter proper. lilhile, therefore, theoretically, any really accurate pump will function satisfactorily, as a matter of tact in practice none of-the pumps generally available on the market that has been tried has been suthciently accurate for this purpose. And therefore, the pump designated generally by the numeral 2l .vas :lesigned for the particular purpose of securing a suticiently accurate feeding of the gas to the calorimeter proper. This pump, which is fully disclosed and described in the copending application of Harry F. Smith Serial No. 36,236 fred January l0, 1921, comprises a pump barrel or cylinder ivhich has a piston or plunger receiving bore 36. At one end the barrel is enlarged to provide a chamber 37 which constitutes a continuation or enlargement of the passage or bore 36. Adjacent its other end the barrel 85 has an enlargement 38 formed integrally therewith which enlargement serves as a top or cover for the chamber 39 surrouinling the lower or delivery end 40 of the pump barrel. lllithin the cylinder barrel adjacent the delivery end thereof is a circular groove ll, which completely surrounds, and is` connected to the bore 86 of the barrel. Gpening in. to the groove ll is an inlet passage 4.2, formed within the cover 38, to which is connected the gas delivery pipe or main 43, through which gas from any suitable source of supply is led to the inlet passage of the pump. Also opening through the cover 3S is an outlet passage le to which is connected the pipe 45, Which opens into the combustion chamber of the calorimeter proper. Closing the deliveryv end of the pump barrel is a disc valve llG, which is normally urged against the seat Il?, formed upon the louer or delivery end of the cylinder barrel, by means ot a spring 4S, one end of Which bears against the valve disc and the other against a spider, illustrated somewhat diagrammatically, at 49. rlhis spider is preferably carried upon bolts, 50, but any other suitable means of holding it in place may be used. .adjusting nuts are mounted upon the lower ends of the bolts by means of which the tension of the spring t8 may be varied as desired, to make sutliciently positive the seating of the valve disc against its seat.

The chamber 39 is adapted to contain a sealing fluid 5l, which is carried at such depth that it at all times covers` the loiver or delivery end of the barrel and the valve dise 46' closing the barrel. This construction is such that the gas may readily pass from the cylinder barrel through the delivery end thereof, through thc chamber 3f), and then out through the delivery pipe =l5 the valve being held aivay from its seat by the pressure of the outgoing gas. lut passage of the gas in the opposite direction, that is from the chamber 3S) back into the pump barrel, is prevented, not only by the valve itself but also by the sealing liquid 5l. lt is not essential that this seaing liquid be used, for in actual practice the pump is usually sulli cently accurate when this liquid is not present.

Mounted Within the bore 36 barrel is a piston or plunger 55, provided with a plurality of grooves 5G. The upper end of the piston is operatively connected to one end of the connecting rod 57, the other end of which is connected to the crank pin 5S carried by the crank disc 59, which is in turn mounted upon the shaft 3l). The opening (30, Within the side of the enlargement il?, through which the shaft 30 extends, is provided \vith a cover plate (5l, having a passage therein adapted to receive the shaft 3U and serve as a bearing therefor. rThis cover plate is held in place by means of suitable bolts.

During operation of the pump the chambei' l? contains a quantity of sealing iquid ($5. sutiicient to at all times cover the upperendo't the piston. This sealing fluid may be introduced through the opening (lll by removing the cover plate (57, which is normally held in place by suitable bolts. A gauge To, 'for indicating the height of the scaling liquid .vithin the enlargement 3'1", is, also providvd.

rllhe sealing liquid Within the enlargement 3S) and also yvithin the enlargement 3T should vary in character according to the material being pumped. lVherc gas such natural gas, city gas, producer gas, or the like is being handed the sealing liquid may be a suitable torni of oil. lut in any event the sealing liquid should be such that there Will be no absorption or solution of the gas as it passes therethrough.

During operation the piston 5:3 on the upstroke uncovers the passage -ll and permits the intlow ot' gas into the lovfer end of the pump barrel, helov.v the piston. .it all times during upstroke ot the piston the valve lll is clcscd, and is covered by the fluid Within the enlargement 3), so that backflovv into the pump barrel through the delivery end, from the chamber IES? cannot occur. Upon doyvn stroke ot' the piston the initial part Vof the stroke causes the piston to cover over the inlet passage. after which compression of the gas Within the lower end of the pump barrel occurs. its the piston continues its doivii:-.'aid stroke the valve 46 is torced avvay from its seat and the gas is forced out through the sealing liquid,

of the pump lflll through the youtlet passage 44 into the pipe 45 to be delivered into the combustion chamber of the calorimeter.l The stroke of the piston is so regulated that at the completion of the down stroke the end thereof preferably extends a short distance beyond the valve seat 47, so that there is complete eX- pulsion, on every down stroke, of all the gas within the pump barrel.

This pump is not only so constructed that mechanical friction is minimized, packed joints being dispensed with, but leakage is also practically eliminated, and complete expulsion of the charge within the cylinder is effected on each stroke, so that each stroke of the pump will deliver a definite quantity of gas.

Inasmuch as the pump 21 and the pump 22 are both driven from the same shaft 30,

they are constrained to operate at proportionate rates, and therefore to deliver proportionate quantities of air and gas.

Furthermore, air and gas are delivered under substantially the same conditions of temperature and pressure, since the air handled by the pump 22 is under the pressure and temperature which exists within the room housing the calorimeter, and the gas is also delivered. to the pump under the same temperature and is pumped against the same atmospheric pressures.

rlhe calorimeter proper consists of a cylindrical shell S0, in the lower end of which is located a ported plate 81, which is secured to the shell in any desired manner, the method of attachment being a matter of indifference so long as a tight joint is Secured. Preferably this plate is pressed into place with a gas tight fit. Attached to the plate 811, by means of suitable bolts is a closure member 82 having a passage 83 therein, which receives the end of the delivery vpipe i5 of the gas pump 21, the combustible gas being introduced through this passage into the combustion chamber 84, wit-hin the cylindrical member 80.

The upper end of the cylindrical member has therearound a cylindrical sleeve 90, the open upper end of which is closed by the plate 91, which is connected to the sleeve in any suitable manner, the connecti-on shown being by means of stud bolts 92. Threadedly received within a suitable opening in the sleeve 90 is a pipe 93, the other end of which is connected to the delivery port of tie air pump 22, the end of this pipe connected to the sleeve 90 opening into the space within the sleeve so that duringoperation of the device air in prede.- termined quantity is introduced therethrough into the cylindrical member 80. Positioned within `the cylindrical member 80, and attached to the depending flange surrounding the opening 96, in the plate member 91, is a cylindrical tube 97, which is arranged substantially coaxial with the cylindrical member 80 and extends downward-L ly thereinto with its lower end terminating a short distance from the plate 81. Surrounding the cylindrical tube 97 and ar'- ranged in spaced relation between this tube and the cylindrical member 80 are a plurality of corresponding tubular members 98, each of which is carried by or contacts with the plate member 91 and each of which also terminates a short distance above the upper surface of the plate 81. Mounted upon the. member 81 and extending upwardly therefrom are two cylindrical tubes 100, which are so arranged that one finally pass into the combustion chamber 8st at the lower end thereof adjacent the point of entrance of the gas into said combustion chamber, it absorbs heat which tends to escape into the atmosphere by transfer from one of the tubular sleeves to another, so

that a true indication is obtained of the ac` tual heat liberated within the calorimeter during the burning of the gas. rlhe various tubular members 98 and 100, andalso the tube 97 are provided with holes at the tops and bottoms thereof so arranged that with the device in assembled position the respec` tive holes will be in alignment. Tapered pins 101 are positioned within these holes serving to properly space the tubular members from each other and to maintain them in position.

llxtending upwardly from the plate 81 in,- to the combustion chamber 8st is a pipe 10o, into the vlower end of which the passage 83 opens. The combustible gas introduced through the pipe 45 passes upwardly through this member 105 into the combustion chamber, the air entering' the combus tion chamber around the lower end of the member 97 passing upwardly around the outside of the member 105,the gas introduced through the member 105 burning in this air` within the combustion chamber 84, the hot product-s of combustion passing upwardlyy through a depending cylindrical tube 106, which is positioned wit-hin the opening 96, in the top plate 91 Inasmuch as the in coming air prevents any heat loss by radia-` tion from the member 84, the hot products Miil which pass upwardly through the member 106, have a temperature which is directly dependent upon the actual heat generated by the burning. of the gas within the com busti'on chamber.

Located within this member' 106, is a heat responsiveelement 107, which consists of a strip or ribbon of some heat resisting material, suoli as a nickel-alloy steel, or the like. This ribbon. is folded upon itselfV about a transverse pin or shaft 108, which extends entirely across the member 80, and has its ends positioned within suitable openings therein. suitable nuts 109, being provided to hold this pin securely in place. Each of the tubular members 98, and each of the members 9T and 106 is provided with suitable openings tov receive this pin 10S, each of these openings being of greater' diameter than the pin itself, so that any expansion or contraction of these various tubular mem bers during operation of the device will have no et'ectat all upon the relative posi` tioning of the pin 108, and therefore will not in any way affect the indicating or recording mechanism. heat responsive strip are riveted to a steel block 112, to which is also riveted a single steel strip 113', the upper end of which is firmly riveted. to a cross bar 114, which extends ateach end through an opening` in the chimney orvent pipe 115, which surrounds the opening 106', and through which the heated gases from the combustion chamber Si pass-on the Way to the atmosphere. Preferably the block` 112 consists of two blocks of equal thickness which are riveted together with the strip 113 bet-ween them and the bar 114 also consists of two bars or equal thickness which are riveted together with the upper end of the strip 113 between them. The outer ends of the bar 11st, which extends through the openings 116, and beyond the vent pipe 115, are pivoted within the member 120, which preferably consists of a forked, or substantially U-shaped member, one end ot which is connected by means of two flexible strips or straps121 to the member 122, which is pivotally supported at one end upon the pivot points 123,

which are in turn rigidly secured in the standards 124;. The other end of the meniber is'providedwith an adjusting screw 125, which contacts with the upstanding standard 126,` carried upon the base member 127, which member also carries the upstanding standard 124. As a function resulting from this construction the member 122 may be swung. as desired, about the pivot 123, and byy suitably manipulating the adjusting screw 125 this member 122 may be caused to assumel any desired position, and thus the end ofthe member 120, which is suspended from the member 122 by means of 'the straps 121 may also be caused to as- The free ends of the.

suine any desired position. The straps 121 may be secured to the members 120 and 122 in any desired manner, but they are prel erably secured by means of small bolts 12S, which extend through cooperating holes in the flexible strips and extend into correspondingly threaded sockets in the ends ot these members. Preferably clamping members 12) are provided so that any flexing orl these iexible strips will be directly acr the strip, to thus give a detinite eliect'. e length to each strip after it is secured in position. lVhile this member' 120 was described above as substantially U-shapcd it is in reality more in the nature of a rectangle, the sidesthereoi' being substantially parallel and spaced a suiieient distance apart to Jfreely reteive the vent pipe 115 but its precise shape is not important. 'lhe other end of this member 120 opposite to the end which has the strips 121 attached thereto is provided with a cross bar 130, ti. which is attached a trough like member131, the cross bar fitting within this trough like member to give a closed chamber, within which is mounted a small worin gear 132, having apassage 133 theren adapted to receive a manipulating key for rotating this gear, this worm gear meshing` with a4 corresponding spiral toothed gear 13-'1 rigidi) mounted upon the stub shaft 135, which shaft is `iournalcd within suitable openings' in the side walls of the trough like member 131, and is held against lengthwise movement relative to the trough 131 by means ot' the gear '131, this gear-being soproportioncd as-to nt snugly within the trough 131 and rigidly secured to the shaft rEhe free end of the member 135 is threadedlj,Y mount ed within a sliding block 1" 133, which is con structed to slide along the lower face of the member 120, the sides of this member beine' cut away as .shown at 139, to provide a track. Suitable manipulation of the worm gear 133- will cause rotation of the shait 135, and since that shaft is held against axial movement, thesliding block 133 will be moved lengthwise of that shaft to var v its position. Suitably connected to the sli/ling block 138 is a flexible strip 1st-2, the other end of this strip being connected to a corresponding sliding block 113, which has threadedly mount-ec therein a similar threaded shaft 11141. One end of this shai't extends through a trough like member 'l1-5. which extends upwardly from one end of the member 11j', that member being substantially similar in construction to the member 120, with the exception that the track 1i?. thereof, on which the sliding block 143 mounted and alongl which it slides, is upon the upper face of the member 1-16, whereas the cori-spending track 139 is upon the lower` face of the yoke member 120. The trough 14:5 is also provided with a. worm gear 148, and a corresponding helical gear 149, which are identical in construction With the similar parts in the trough member 131 and are also arranged so that a manipulating key may be inserted Within the passage in the Worm gear 148 to cause suitable adjustment of the in; block 143. As shown, particularly in Fig. 5, the ends of the members 120 and 140 are positioned one over the other, and the construction of the gear housings or troughs 131 and 145 is such thatI the two worm gears 132 and 14e are coaxially arranged so that they may both be manipulated at the same time by passing a suitable key 150 throua'h the aligned openings in these two members to manipulate them both at the same time and thus secure similar manipulation of the sliding blocks. This type of adjustment apparatus is not essential, but if desired the two blocks may be adjusted independently, or other means provided 'for varying the adjustment.

@ne end of the member 1116 has attached thereto a flexible strip 155, the other end of which strip is Wrapped partyvay around the cylindrical bar or rotatable shaft 156, which is supported, at its opposite ends, upon the pivot points 157, free rotation of this bar thus being permitted. The strip 155 which is Wrapped partly around the shaft 1F G has one end thereof secured to that shatt in any suitable manner, as by means of the screw 158. rlhis end of the member 1426, is thus firmly supported, but its position will be entirely dependent upon the relative position of the shaft 150, for as this shaft is rotated in one direction or the other, the end of the member 146 `which is connected thereto will be raised or lowered correspondingly. And of course raising or lowering' the end of the member 1116 Will cause correspending` rotation of the shaft 156. rlhe other end of the member 146 has two flex- .ible straps 160 connected thereto, in sub stantially the same manner .as heretofore described in connection with the strips 121, the other ends of these tivo straps being cor.- respondingly connected tothe yoke member 162. rlhe arms 163 of this yoke member are supported upon pivot points 164. These pivots, as are the other pivots 123 and 157, are preferably formed of hardened steel, and since there is practically no movement of the various pivoted members about their supports, except during adjustment of the device, the Wear is entirely negligible. And steel pivots of this character will be found very satisfactory under actual operating` conditions. The base member 127 is also provided With two standards 165, to the upper end of each of which is attached spring 166. The other end of each of the springs 166 has attached thereto a flexible metallic strip 167, the lower end of Which is Wound partly around the cylindrical shaft 156 and is firmly attached thereto as by means of suitable screw or bolt as shown.

'lhese springs 166 are so constructed and mounted that they are normally under tension tending to rotate the shaft 156 in such Wise as to lift up on vthe end of the member 1h16 connected thereto. This corresponds iith the lengthening' of the thermostatic strip 107 under the influence of the combustion Within the chamber 8d.

The shaft 156, as shown particularly in Fig'. 2 has rigidly secured thereto an indicating needle or pen 170, which cooperates With a dial 171, upon which may be positioned suitable indicating cards, such a card being` shown diagrammatically in Fig'. 1 by the numeral 17 2. This dia-l 171 is mounted upon a shaft 17 3, Which is driven by a suit able clock mechanism designated generally by the numeral 174 so that rotation at a predetermined rate is secured. This particular part of the apparatus is used, of course, only Where the calorimeter is constructed for giving a continuous record, the pen tracing; a line over the card 172 as the dial 171 rotates. litit is desired to have an instrument for giving only indications of the character of thev being burned therein1 Without the making of a continuous record,` then this particular member of the mechai nism could be dispensed with and an indi eating gauge provided With an ordinary pointer substitutedin place of the pen 170, and clock and dial mechanism cooperating` therewith. This particular part of the mechanism is conventional in construction, and the clock mechanism and the like is not shown in any greater detail on that account,

Gt course any desired means of igniting the gas Within the combustion chamber 84: may be used, but preferably the means disclosed in the drawing is used Which consists of a spark plug, provided vwith suitable ignition coil and the like, The member 105 serves as one terminal of the spark plug, this member being grounded to the closure 81, Which in turn carries a connecting post 200, to which is connected one end of the conductor 201 the other end being connected to one terminal of the high tension coil of the spark coil 209. rlhe other terminal of the high tension coil of the spark coil 202 has a conductor 203 connected thereto, the other end of which is connected to the binding post 204, carried upon the Wire 205, which is mounted Within a suitable plug 206, of insulating material, this plug being in turn held Within a suitable opening in the closure plate 81, so that the inner end of the Wire 205 terminates adjacent the edge of the member 105. Upon actuation of the spark coil 202 sparks ivillbe caused to pass between the cooperating ends of the Wire 205 and the member 105 to ignite the comico bustible mixture of air and gas immediately adjacent thereto. The spark coil 202 has the low tension coil thereof connected, by suitable conductors 210 and 211 to any suitable source of electrical potential such for instance as a battery which is illustrated conventionally at A suitable switch 21% is provided for closing the circuit through the battery and low tension coil of the spark coil to cause energizing thereof. 1f desired the motor 31 may be operated from the same source of electrical potential as the spark coil 202. AS shown this motor is connected by suitable conductors 215 and 216 to the terminals of the battery 212', a switch 217 being inserted within the motor circuit so that upon closing the switch the motor will be energized to operate the two pumps 21 and 22 and thus deliver a predetermined mixture of air and gas to the combustion chamber.

The operation of the device is as follows. Assuming that it is starting anew, the strip 107 will be contracted, and the force exerted by this strip during the contacting will have caused such actuation of the lever mechanism described above as to rotate the shaft 156 to bring the pen 170 to substantially zero position. The switch 217 is now closed to cause the motor 31 to actuate the pumps 21 and 22 to force the predetermined quantities of gas and air into the combustion chamber S11. The switch 214C is then closed to cause a spark to pass between the members 205 and to ignite the combustible mixture wit-hin the combustion chamber. rThe hot products of combustion pass upwardly through the member 106 and out through the vent pipe 115 imparting heat to the strip 107 as they travel over it. This strip will therefore lengthen due to erlpansion and inasmuch as the springs 156 are so arranged that they are normally under tension tending to rotate the shaft 156 this` expansion of the strip 107 will immediately result in rotation of that shaft to move the needle across the dial, the movement of the needle continuing until substantially equilibrium condition is secured within the combustion chamber, that is until the members have been heated up to a temperature which corresponds with the heat being generated by the burning gas. Thereafter any fluctuations in heat value will be directly indicated. The construction of the apparatus, to secure this condition, as described above, is such that with the springs 166 tending to rotate the bar 156 there is a corresponding tendency to lift the end of the member 1&6 which is connected to this bar by means of the straps 155. The other end of this bar is sus ended from a su J )ortino' member connected thereto constitutes the point of application of the weight. This member 146, therefore, tends to rotate about the point of attachment of the strap 160 as a fulcrum and to raise the strap 112. strap 111-2 is connected at its lower end to the sliding block 138, which is in turn positioned below the member 120 so that anyY upward movement of that slidingl block must cause corresponding upward movementof the end of the member 120 with which it cooperates. But since the member 120 has the strip 107 connected intermediate its ends, its other end being suspended from the flexible strip 121 any tendency to litt t-he end of the member 120, to which the straps 112 are connected will result in swinging that member about the bars 111C as centers, the point of attachment ot thc strip 121 to this member at that time constituting the fulcrum about which this member swings. 1t is thus evident that the rotation of the bar 156 will be directljv de pendent upon the relative expansion or contraction of the strip 107 and since the combustion chamber 8stis surrounded by the labyrinth passages through which the air passes thereinto, so that there is no escape of the heat generated by the combustion within this chamber outwardly through the walls of the chamber, therefore thc clpansion and contract-ion of the member 107 as a result of fiuctuations in its temperature is directly proportional to fluctuations in the amount of heat generated during the burning of the gas within the combustion chamber. Therefore an accurate and correct recording of the fluctuations in the heat value of the gas is made.

And since the gas and air are fed into the combustion chamber under atmospheric temperature and pressure or under the same temperature and pressure aniY thictuation in temperature or pressure wiil ai'cct both alike. Therefore it is not necessary to matte any corrections for temperatures or pressures since the instrument will automatically malie these corrections and indicate the correct heat value regardless of lluctuations in temperatures or pressures of the and air.

In Figs. 7 and S is shown a slightly modified form of calorimeter proper in which a simple leverage is substituted for the compound leverage shown in the modification of the invention disclosed in Figs. 1 through 6. 1n this modification the heat respon-- sive element identical in construction wth the corresponding element 107 described above and is connected to a single steel strip 113. the upper end of which is rigidly .secured to a cross bar 300, the connection bcin preferably bv such riveting at: is deA scribed in connection with the strip lll and bar 114. This cross bar i100 has its But the opposite ends positioned within slots in blocks 301, each of which blocks in slidably mounted Within a groove or channel 302 formed in the upper face of the lever d nated generally by the numeral 303. This lever consists of a body portion which is cut away as desiO'nat-ed by the numeral 304 to receive the upper end of the vent pipe 115', and which is supported by means of suitable flexible straps 310 each of which is connected at one end to the lever, and at the other end to the plate 311, this plate being in turn pivotally mounted upon pivots 312, Which are similar in construction to the pivot member described above. These pivots 312 are mounted Within standards or supports 313, one of these standards being provided with a shoulder 314 With which cooperates the adjusting` screw 315. This adjustinp,` screvv is threadedly mounted Within a suitably threaded opening', or passage Within the plate 311, and by properly manipulating it any desired setting of the lever may be secured.

The lever 303 is also provided with an extension 320, the free end of Which has suitably secured thereto a flexible strap or steel strip 321, the lovver end of which is coiled part Way around and attached to the cylindrical bar or shaft 322. rlhis bar is rotatably mounted upon suitable pivots 323, and has attached thereto the indicating needle or pen 324, the construction beingl such that as the heat responsive strip varies in length with concomitant swinging of the lever about its points of support, Which points of support are the points of attachment of the flexible strips 310, this shaft Will be caused. to rotate to indicate or record the heat value of the gas.

rlhe body member of the lever is preferably provided With an end member or cross bar 330, which has mounted therein a stub shaft 331, provided With a suitable manipulating enlargement or linger piece 332. Mounted upon this stub shaft 331 is a gear Wheel or pinion 335 which meshes with the gear 336, Which is in turn mounted upon a rotatable shaft 337 the opposite end of Which is threadedly mounted Within a correspondingly threaded opening' or passage in o-ne of the members 301. The pinion 335 also meshes With a gear Wheel 333, which is mounted upon a rotatable shaft 339. the other end of which is threadedly mounted Within a suitable threaded passage in the other member 301. rThe pinion 335 and the tivo gears 333 and 338 are so constructed that upon manipulation of the gear 335 the tivo meinbers 301 will be moved in the same direction, the same distance, to shift the relative point of a tachment of the heat responsive strip to the lever. Bv means of this adjustment device the effective length of the lever may be varied to effect calibration of the apparatus.

The cylindrical bar 322 also has attached thereto a flexible strip 34,0, the lower end of which carries a Weight 341, which serves to counterpoise the lever mechanism. This Weight is adapted to function as do the springs 163 described above.

Where the compound leverage illustrated in Figs. 1 through 6, and described above, is used, the device may be made somewhat more compact than where a simple lever such as illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 is used. Where the overall dimensions of the compound leverage mechanism described above is, say, six inches, the overall dimensions of the corresponding' simple lever mechanism Would be probably tivelve to fourteen inches. -In order to make a simple lever instrument which is in appearance Well balanced, and better looking, therefore, a second member 350 is provided, which is similar in outward appearance to the shell the indicating or recording` dial being symmetrically positioned with respect to these tivo memb rlfhe member 350 may be merely a dummy used for appearance, but if desired, it may be provided vvith a series of baliles and the air, which is introduced to the shell 80', first passed through this member 350 toremove therefrom dust and other impurities. In this case the construction should be such that passing air will not affect the inuence of the Weight 311-1. This may be easily accomplished by positioningl a transverse partition across the member 350, below the Weight.

In operation the device illustrated in Figs. 7 and 3 is substantially identical With the device illustrated in Figs. 1' through 6,v and described above.

lt Will he noted that the various elements of the mechanism connecting` the indicating needle to the kheat responsive element are connected to each other by flexible straps, the ends of which are rigidly secured to the respective cooperatinga members. And pivots of conventional character are used only for the adjusting` member and the rotatable shaft carrying;` the indicating` needle, as a consequence the Wear which is inevitable where conventional pivots, of the kind in Which a pointed member seats in a cooperating' socket, are used is practically elimihated.` ln act-ual practice calorimeters of the general character described but with conventional pivots have to be checked up and recalibrated at frequent intervals to insure accuracy of operation; while with apparatus of the character illustrated herein, accurate operation over long periods, Without any nece ',f for recalibration is secured.

llVhile the forms of apparatus herein described constitute preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these precise terms ot apparatus, and that changes may be made in either Without departing 'from the scope of the invention ivhich is delined in the appended claims.

That is claimed is:

l. In a calorimeter ot the cl'iaracter described, a combustion chamber, a heat responsive strip Within said chamber; indici ting mechanism, comprising an indicating needle: lever mechanism, means for connecting said lever mechanism to said heat responsive strip. and means for connecting said mechanism to said indicating needle, each ot said connecting means comprising,` a flexible strap.

2. In a calorimeter of the character described, a combustion chamber, a heat responsive strip Within said chamber and unconnected therewith; indicating mechanism, comprising an indicatin needle; l ver mechanism, comprising a plurality of lever elements, means tor operatively connectingthe said lever elements together, said means comprising licxible st 'apsg means for connecting said lever mechanism to the said heat responsive strip, and means for connecting said lever mechanism to said indicating` needle.

8. In a calorimeter of the character described, a combustion chamber, a heat responsive element Within said chamber and unconnected therewith; indicating mechanisin, comprising' an indicating needle; lever mechanism, comprising a plurality or lever elements, means for operatively connecting the said lever elements together, said means comprising flexible straps; means :tor connecting said lever mechanism to the said heat responsive element, and means tor connecting said lever mechanism to said indicating needle, each said connecting means comprising a flexible strap.

Ll. In av calorimeter ot the cha 'acter described, a combustion chamber, a. heat responsive element Within said combustion chamber, indicating mechanism, comprising an indicating; needle; lever mechanism, a flexible strap connecting` one end thereo't to the indicating needle, a second flexible strap minnecting` the other end of said lever mechanism to a support, and a flexible strap connecting said lever mechanism intermediate its ends to the heat responsive element.

5. In a calorimeter ot the character described, a combustion chamber, a heat responsive element therein: indicating mechanism, comprising an indicating needle; and lever mechanism operativel5Y connecting the .said heat responsive element and indicating` needle, said mechanism comprising an adjustable supporting member, a flexible strap connecting one end ot the lever mechanism to said supporting member, a flexible strap connecting the other end of said lever mechanism to the indicating needle, and a flexible strap connecting said lever mechanism intern'iediate its ends to the heat responsive element.

(5. In a calorimeter of the character de scribed, a combustion chamber, a hea responsive element therein; indicating mechanism, comprising an indicating needle; and lever mechanism operativel'v,T connecting the .said heat responsive elcnicnt and indicatingr needle, said mechanism comprising a l ivotc'l supporting` member, having an adjusting screw therein, a flexible strap connecting one end ot the lever mechanism to said supporting member. a flexible strap connecting the other end ol said lever mechanism to the indicating needle, and a flexible strap connecting said lever mechanism intermediate its ends to the heat responsive strip.

'i'. In a calorimeter ot the character described, a combustion chamber, a heat respo; sive element therein; indicating mechanism, omprising an indicating needle; lever mechanism, means tor operatively7 connecting said lever mechanism to the said heat responsive element, means for operatively connecting said lever i'ncchanism, to said indicating needle, and means tot' varying he eli'ective length ot said lever mechanism.

8. In a calorimeter ot' the character described, a combustion chamber, a heat i'esponsive element therein; indicating mechanisin. coniprising' an indicating needle; and lever mechanism operatively connecting the said heat responsive element and indicating needle.. said mechanism comprising a pivoted .f-:npporting member, having an adjusting screvvv therein, a llexible st `ap connecting one end ot' the lever mechanism to .said supporting member, a flexible strap connecting the other end ol' said lever mechanism to the indicating needle, a lflexible strap connecting said lever mechanism intermediate its ends to the heat responsive strip, and means lor varying the effective length of said level mechanism.

ln a calorimeter otl the character described, a. combustion chamber, a heat responsive element therein: indicating mechansin, comprising an indicating needle: and a lever mechar Y'n operativcljv connectingr the heat responsive strip to the indicating needle, said levcr mechanism comprising a compound lever having tvvo lever elements, means tor supporting one and oli one ot said elenients, means tor coiniccting the other end et said element to the indicating means, means connecting the said element intermediate its ends to one end ot asecond lever clement. ine-.ins connected to the other end olt said second named clementtoi' supporting it, and means -for c-:innccting the said second named clement, intermediate its einV to the heat responsive strip.

elements, meerI s for colnecting the other `end of seid one element to the indicating element for supporting it, and ineens lor connecting the second named lever element. inte ediate its ends, to the liest rcpons'ive strip, each oi seid conne-ting ineens comprising` e -lle"ible st- 3.' Y,

ll. ln a calorimeter el' the character descrioed, escombustion chamber, e heet responsive element therein; indicating mechenism, comprising en indicating; needle; compound lever mechanism operatively connecting' the heet responsive element to the indicating needle, seid leverV inechenis'n comprising tivo lever elemeirjsr 2i flexible strep for connecting one ot seid lever element-s tothe said indicating needle, en ndjusteble supporting member, ineens connecting,` one end ot the siiidone lever element to vthe said adjustable supporting member, e flexible strap comiectinv the said one lever element intermediete its length to one end of the second ol2 seid elements, secend :id- `instable supporting member, ineens connectingthe ether end oi said second lever element to the seid second nemed supporting; member, end ineens connecting the smid second lever element intermediate its length to the heat responsive element.V

l2, ln e calorimeter of the character described, Eicombistion chamber, e heetrefr mechneedle; s

vel); cony rents to the seid indicating needlef` en :idiusteble supporting member, ai flexible slrsip for connect-ing one end off seid one Alever element to the .nid edgiisteble supporting' member, a ilegible strep connecting' the d one lever intermediate its length to element c I m M. v ,l l ci id lever elements, c, ,second siipportin member, flexible the secon adj usteble g strep connecting` the seid'seco lever element to the said second named sinn) rims member, end ineens confer: vj 'l second lever element intern to heat res-rp ele 13, il calorimeter of the scribed, e combustion chamber, a heet re-l sponsive element therein; indicating' mechanism, comprising an indicating needle; e'

compound lever mechanism operatively connectingthe heet responsive element to the indicating needle, seid lever mechanism comprising' two lever element-s, e Vlicxible strep for' connectingl one of seid lever elements to the seid indicating needle, a pivoted supporting member, means for swinging` said supporting mem er about its pivot, e Vilegible strap connecting,` one end oit the sindone lever element to the said piro-ted snppm-ting` member, :i flexible strep connecting the seid one lever element intermediate its length to one end of the sec-ond of seid lever elements, e second pivoted supporting member, means connecting,` the. other end of seid second lever element to the said second named pivoted supporting member, end means conne ting` the. sait seconr lever element intermediate its length to the heetresponsive element.

i4. ln e celorimeter oi' the chLrscte-r described, e. combustion climi-ber, e heat responsive element the-rein; indicating mechanism, comprising en 'indicating needle; lever mechanism operatively connectinfr the seid heet responsive element to seid indicate ing needle, end ineens ior varying` the eective length ol said lever mechanism.

l5. In a calorimeter oi the character described., :i combustion chamber, s heet responsive element therein; indicating mechenisni, comprising` en indica-ting needle; and a lever mechanism operatively connecting` the heat responsive element to the indicating needle, said lever mechanism comprising a compound lever having tivo lever elements, ineens for supporting` one end of one of seid lever element-s, means for connecting` the other end of seid lever element. to the indicating needle, means connecting the seid one lever element intermediate its ends to one end or e second lever element, means connected to the. other end of seid-second named lever element for supportinp,` it, ineens for connecting' the seid second named lever element, intermediate its ends, to the heet responsive element, and means for verving the effective length of said lever mechanism, comprising e slidable member, mounted upon one of said lever elements to which is :itteched one end of the flexible strep connect-ing the tivo lever elements together.

16. ln e calorimeter of the character described, e combustion chamber, s heet re sponsive element therein; indicating'mechanism, comprising a rotatable shirt end an indicating needle mounted thereon; :in operating lever, means connecting the said heet responsive element to the said lever, end

ineens operatively connectingl the sai d lever to the seid rotary shaft, the construction being` such that actuation of the lever by the heat responsive element Will cause rotation of the needle carrying shaft to indicate directly the heat value of the gas heilig burned `vvithin the combustionl chamber ot the calorimeter.

17. In a calorimeter of the character described, a combustion chamber, a heat responsive element therein; indicating mechanism comprising a rotary shaft and anindieating needle carried thereby; and means operatively connecting the said heat responsive element to the said rotary shaft, the construction being such that in response to variations in the amount of heat generated Wit-hin the combustion chamber the heat responsive element *.vill cause rotation ot the needle carrying the shaft to move the indicating needle to indicate directly the heat value of the gas being burned Within said combustion chamber.

18. In a calorimeter of the character described, a combustion chamber,v a heat responsive element therein; indicating mechanism, comprising a rotatable shaft and an indicating needle attached thereto; lever mechanism operatively connected to the said heat responsive element and to the said rotary shaft, each such connection comprising a flexible sli-rap.

19. In a calorimeter of the character described, a combustion chamber, a heat responsive elementJ therein; indicating` mechenism, comprising an indicating needle; lever' mechanism, means for connecting said lever mechanism to said heat responsive element, and means tor connecting said lever mechanism to said indicating neeedle, each of said connecting means comprising a flexible strap; and means tending to actuate the lever mechanism to hold the indicatingT needle in zero position.

20. In a calorimeter of the character described, a combustion chamber, a. heat responsive element therein; indicating` mechanism comprising` a rotatable shaft, and an indicating needle attached thereto; and lever mechanism operatively connected to the said heat responsive element to the said rotary shaft, each such connection comprising a flexible strap; and means tending to actnate the lever mechanism to hold the indicating needle in Zero position, said means comprising a spring.

2l. In a calorimeter of the character described, a combustion chamber, a heat responsive element therein; indicating mechanism, comprising a rotatable shaft, and an indicating needle attached thereto; lever mechanism operatively connected to the said heat responsive element and to the said rotary shaft, each such connection comprising` a flexible strap; and means tending to actuate the lever mechanism to hold the indicating needle in Zero position, said means comprising a spring and a flexible strap connecting one end ot' said spring to the said rotatable shaft.

Q2. In a calorimeter' of the character described, a combustion chamber, a heat responsive element therein; indicating mechanism, comprising an indicating needle; a simple lever, adjustable means for supporting one end of said lever, a flexible strap coi iectiug the other end of said lever to the said indicating needle, and means connecting the id lever, intermediate its ends, to the said heat responsive element.

In a calorimeter et the character described, a combustion chamber', a heat responsive element therein; indicating mechanim, comprising a rotatable shaft, an indicating needle carried thereby; a simple lever, adjustable means 'for supporting one end of said lever, a flexible st 'ap connectingr said end of the said lever' to said supporting means; a flexible strap connecting the other end of said lever to the rotatable shaft carrying the said indicating needle; and means connecting the said lever intermediate its ends to the heat responsive strip.

2. In a calorimeter of the character described, a combustion chamber, a heat responsive element therein; indicating mechanism, comprising a rotatable shaft, an indicating needle carried thereby; a simple lever, adjustable means for supporting one end oit said lever, a flexible strap connecting the other end ot said lever to the rotatable shaft carrying' the said indicating needle; means connecting the said lever intermediate its ends to the heat responsive strip; and means cooperating with said lever mechanism, tending to rotate the said shaft to return the indicating needle to zero position.

25. In a. calorimeter of the character dcseribed, a combustion chamber', a heat rcsponsive element therein; indicating mechanism, comprising a rotatable shaft, an indicating needle carried thereby; a simple lever, adjustable means for supporting one end of said lever, a flexible strap connecting said end ot the said lever to said supporting means; a flexible strap connecting the other end of said lever to the rotatable shaft carrying the said indicating needle, means connecting the said lever intermediate its ends to the heat responsive strip; and means cooperating with said lever mechanism, tending to rotate the said shaft to return the indicating needle to zero position, said means comprising a Weight, and a flexible strap connecting said Weight to the said rotatable shaft- 2G. In apparatus of the character described a compound lever' mechanism, conrprising tivo lever elements: a slidable block mounted upon one ot' said lever elements, a

second slidable block carried by the second of said lever elements7 a flexible strap connected at one end to the first named slidable block and at its other end tothe second named slidable block, to operatively conneet the two said lever elements together; and means for sliding each of the said blocks along its cooperating lever elementto vary the effective point of attachment of said flexible strap to each of said lever elements.

27. In apparatus of the character described a compound lever mechanism, comprising two lever elements; a slidable block mount-ed upon one of said lever elements, a second slidable block carried by the second of said lever elements, a flexible strap connected at one end to the first named slidable block and at its other end to the second named slide-ble block, to operatively conneet the two said lever elements together; and 'means cooperating with the two said slidable blocks 'for moving those blocks together along the said lever elements, to vary the effective point of attachment of said flexible strap to each of said lever elements.

28. In apparatus of the character described7 a calorimeter having a combustion chamber constructed for receiving air and a combustible material whose heat value is to be determined; a rotary pump for supplyn ing air to said combustion chamber, a shaft for said pump, an operating motor operatively connected to one end of said shaft, a crank disc, having a crank pin thereon mounted on the other end of said shaft; a reciprocating pump for supplying the combustible material to said combustion chamber, a reciprocable plunger therein, and a connecting rod operatively connecting said plunger to the crank pin carried by the said shaft, the construction being such that both pumps are operated from a common power source to insure delivery of the air and combustible material at proportionate rates.

In testimony whereof I hereto aliix my signature.

HARRY F. SMITH. 

